What is the Fire Triangle?
The Fire Triangle is the combustion of fuels, a variety of fuels undergo combustion, and the products made can be identified. The fire triangle identifies the three things that are required for a fire to burn. A variety of methods can be used to extinguish a fire. Calorimetry is used to measure energy.
Whilst a simple concept, the fire triangle (or combustion triangle) is a scientific principle that is important for all people to be aware of. Understanding how fires sustain themselves is essential background information in situations where you may have to use fire safety equipment.
The fire Triangle.
The fire triangle is a symbol that shows the three things that are required for a fire to burn, namely:
- oxygen
- heat
- fuel
Remove just one of these, and the fire can no longer burn. This makes the fire triangle very useful in fire prevention and firefighting.
Removing oxygen.
Removal of oxygen from the area around a fire can be achieved with a carbon dioxide extinguisher or a fire blanket. The carbon dioxide extinguisher pushes oxygen away from the fire and replaces it with carbon dioxide, which is non-flammable and more dense than air. Fire blankets form a seal around the fire and prevent more oxygen from reaching the fire.
Another example of removing oxygen is closing doors when evacuating a building, which prevents fresh supplies of oxygen from entering the building.
Removing heat.
Blowing out the flame on a candle is a good example of this. The fast moving air removes the heat from the candle, stopping it from burning any more.
A useful method of removing heat from a fire is to use water, which absorbs the heat from a fire very effectively. However, water should never be used on electrical fires – due to the risk of electrical shock, or oil fires – as oil and water do not mix, meaning the water only makes the oil form smaller droplets and so makes the fire even worse .
Removing fuel.
By using fire-resistant materials, any fire will not have an adequate fuel source to keep burning and so this is a very effective method of fire prevention. Fire-resistant materials can be used for clothes, furniture and building materials.
Forest fires can also be managed more effectively if the trees around a fire can be removed to stop the fire from spreading. This method is known as a firebreak.
